During a recent town hall meeting, a resident of Sandy told Clackamas County Commissioners that her mother was homeless for two years.
"The trauma and damage of homelessness is real. It can take years to dissipate, if it ever dissipates," said Nina, describing her mother's experience in the shelter system during a virtual meeting about affordable housing and homelessness on Wednesday, April 7. "She was terrified. There was open sex among residents, schizophrenics in crisis, and theft was rampant. Women's shelters, forget about it. She was 70, and women with small children are prioritized. My mother was too ashamed to tell her two adult children she was homeless, so she just kind of sucked it up."
kAm}:?2 D2:5 E92E D96 H@F=5 =:<6 E@ D66 r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ 7@4FD @? 2 9@FD:?8 7:CDE >@56=[ H9:49 AC:@C:E:K6D AC@G:5:?8 A6C>2?6?E 9@FD:?8 E@ A6@A=6 H9@ 2C6 F?D96=E6C65]k^Am
kAm}:4@=6[ H9@ 2=D@ =:G6D :? $2?5J[ E@=5 4@>>:DD:@?6CD D96 9@A6D E@ D66 255:E:@?2= C6D@FC46D 7@C F?D96=E6C65 4@>>F?:EJ >6>36CD :? E96 4@F?EJVD CFC2= 2C62D]k^Am
kAmQ(6 ?665 E@ EC62E E9:D 92C> 27764E:?8 @FC 4@>>F?:EJ >6>36CD 2D 2 9@FD:?8 6>6C86?4J 4C:D:D[ 2?5 H6 ?665 E@ 255C6DD E9:D E9C@F89 >F=E:A=6 A2E9H2JD[Q D96 D2:5] Q$@>6@?6 H9@ 92D 366? 9@>6=6DD 7@C a_ J62CD 2?5 92D >6?E2= 962=E9 :DDF6D E2<6D =@?86C E@ DE23:=:K6 2?5 ?665D 2 >@C6 :?E6?D:G6 =6G6= @7 D6CG:46D] $@>6@?6 H9@ ;FDE =@DE E96:C ;@3[ 8@E 6G:4E65 2?5 :D 64@?@>:42==J 9@>6=6DD C6BF:C6D 2 =:89E6C =6G6= @7 D6CG:46D] %96JVC6 3@E9 :>A@CE2?E]Qk^Am
kAm%96D6 2C6 @?=J 2 76H A6CDA64E:G6D[ 3FE E96C6 2C6 9F?5C65D >@C6 7C@> F?9@FD65 A6@A=6 =:G:?8 :? r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ]k^Am
k9cmz66A:?8 4@F?Ek^9cm
kAm%JA:42==J[ r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ 4@?5F4ED 2 A@:?E\:?\E:>6 4@F?E @7 F?D96=E6C65 :?5:G:5F2=D 6G6CJ EH@ J62CD] %9:D J62C E96J C646:G65 2 H2:G6C 7C@> E96 &]$] s6A2CE>6?E @7 w@FD:?8 2?5 &C32? s6G6=@A>6?E 3642FD6 E96 a_`h 52E2 7C@> :ED 4@@C5:?2E65 9@FD:?8 2446DD DJDE6> H2D H:E9:? aT @7 E96 ?F>36CD 7C@> E92E J62CVD A@:?E\:?\E:>6 4@F?E]k^Am
kAmp=@?8 H:E9 4@?46C?D 23@FE D276EJ 5FC:?8 E96 A2?56>:4[ r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ wF>2? $6CG:46D |2?286C tC:<2 $:=G6C D2:5 E96 DFCG6JD @7E6? :?G@=G6 2D<:?8 A6CD@?2= BF6DE:@?D 2?5 A2CE:4:A2?ED >:89E ?@E 766= 4@>7@CE23=6 DA62<:?8 =@F5=J H9:=6 D@4:2= 5:DE2?4:?8]k^Am
kAmp44@C5:?8 E@ r=24<2>2D r@F?EJVD k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^5@49F3]4=24<2>2D]FD^5@4F>6?ED^5CFA2=^7g2h665b\5`h3\ce42\h42h\_b5g3h65`_e5Qma_`h A@:?E‐:?‐E:>6 4@F?Ek^2m[ cg A6@A=6 :? $2?5J 2?5 ba :? tDE24252 H6C6 F?9@FD65]k^Am
kAmr@F?EJ\H:56[ 2D :D 6IA64E65[ E96 ?F>36C @7 F?9@FD65 A6@A=6 :D 8C62E6C :? E96 >@C6 FC32? 2C62D[ =:<6 ?62C3J ~C68@? r:EJ H96C6 @?6 @7 E96 EH@ H2C>:?8 D96=E6CD E92E @A6?65 7@C E96 u63CF2CJ a_a` DE@C> H2D =@42E65] %96C6 H6C6 b_e A6@A=6 F?D96=E6C65 :? ~C68@? r:EJ[ ge :? |@=2==2[ ad :? r2?3J[ b :? q@C:?8 2?5 a :? s2>2D4FD]k^Am
kAm%96 ?F>36C @7 A6@A=6 6IA6C:6?4:?8 9@>6=6DD?6DD 4@F?EJ\H:56 E92E J62C H2D `[`ee] %9@F89 E9:D H2D 2 hT :?4C62D6 7C@> E96 `[_eg F?D96=E6C65 A6@A=6 4@F?E65 :? a_`f[ $:=G6C 42FE:@?65 4@>A2C:?8 52E2 E@ :56?E:7J EC6?5D :? 9@>6=6DD?6DD]k^Am
kAmQ%96C6 2C6 D@ >2?J 724E@CD E92E 42? :?7=F6?46 WE96 4@F?EX[ =:<6 H:?E6C H62E96C 2?5 G@=F?E66C 2G2:=23:=:EJ[Q D96 D2:5[ 255:?8 E92E ECFDE H:E9:? E96 4@>>F?:EJ 42? 2=D@ :?7=F6?46 E96 ?F>36CD :? 2 A@:?E\:?\E:>6 4@F?E] QtDE24252 92D 2 C62==J 8C62E 7@@5 32?<[ 2?5 E92EVD C62==J 96=A65 2 =@E E@ 4C62E6 ECFDE] r@>>F?:EJ >6>36CD ECFDE E96 7@@5 32?< 2?5 2C6 4@>7@CE23=6 D92C:?8 WH92E E96:C D:EF2E:@? :DX]Qk^Am
kAmp44@C5:?8 E@ E96 4@F?EJVD H63D:E6[ QE96 >2;@C:EJ @7 E9@D6 DFCG6J65 92G6 366? r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ C6D:56?ED 7@C EH@ @C >@C6 J62CD[ 2?5 AC:>2C:=J =:G6 :? ~C68@? r:EJ[ r=24<2>2D[ |@=2==2[ |:=H2F<:6[ $2?5J[ tDE24252 @C r2?3J]Qk^Am
kAmQ&?277@C523=6 C6?E[ F?6>A=@J>6?E[ 6G:4E:@?[ :?E6CA6CD@?2= 4@?7=:4E 2?5 >6?E2= @C 6>@E:@?2= 962=E9 :DDF6DQ 2C6 4:E65 3J E96 4@F?EJ 2D E96 >@DE 4@>>@? :DDF6D E92E AFD9 A6@A=6 @FE @7 DE23=6 9@FD:?8]k^Am
kAmp55:E:@?2==J[ E96 a_`h 4@F?E 7@F?5 E92E C6D:56?ED @7 4@=@C 5:DAC@A@CE:@?2E6=J 6IA6C:6?46 9@>6=6DD?6DD :? r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ] !6@A=6 :56?E:7J:?8 2D }2E:G6 p>6C:42?^p=2D<2 }2E:G6 >256 FA cT @7 C6DA@?56?ED[ 56DA:E6 C6AC6D6?E:?8 @?=J _]f A6C46?E @7 E96 4@F?EJVD E@E2= A@AF=2E:@?] !6@A=6 :56?E:7J:?8 2D q=24< @C p7C:42? p>6C:42? >256 FA cT @7 C6DA@?56?ED[ H9:=6 C6AC6D6?E:?8 @?=J `]aT @7 E96 E@E2= A@AF=2E:@?]k^Am
kAm%9@F89 4@F?EJ 5:5 ?@E 9@=5 E96 EC25:E:@?2= A@:?E\:?\E:>6 4@F?E :? a_a`[ 7@@5 A2?EC:6D[ DF49 2D E96 $2?5J r@>>F?:EJ p4E:@? r6?E6C[ C6A@CE65=J D2H 6G6? >@C6 72>:=:6D @? E96 3C:?< @7 9@>6=6DD?6DD @C 6IA6C:6?4:?8 7:?2?4:2= 92C5D9:A 4@>6 E9C@F89 7@C 7@@5 3@I6D]k^Am
k9cm!2?56>:4 =625D E@ 5:77:4F=E:6Dk^9cm
kAm%96 64@?@>:4 :>A24ED @7 E96 r~'xs\`h A2?56>:4 >2J 92G6 2 D:8?:7:42?E :?7=F6?46 @? E96 ?F>36C @7 F?D96=E6C65 A6@A=6 :? E96 4@>>F?:EJ] x? pAC:= a_a_[ v@G] z2E6 qC@H? D:8?65 2? 6I64FE:G6 @C56C 6DE23=:D9:?8 2 DE2E6\H:56 E6>A@C2CJ >@C2E@C:F> @? 46CE2:? 6G:4E:@?D :? C6DA@?D6 E@ E96 A2?56>:4] %96 >@C2E@C:F> :D D4965F=65 E@ 6?5 @? yF?6 b_]k^Am
kAmQ(6VC6 2== 86EE:?8 ?6CG@FD 23@FE H92E H:== 92AA6? H96? E96 C6?E >@C2E@C:F> 6?5D[Q $:=G6C D2:5]k^Am
kAmw62E9 $E2=4FA[ H9@ @H?D 2C@F?5 a_ C6?E2= AC@A6CE:6D :? E96 tDE24252 2C62[ D2:5 E92E ?@?6 @7 9:D E6?2?ED 92G6 72==6? 369:?5 @? C6?E 5FC:?8 E96 A2?56>:4] qFE $E2=4FA 2=D@ DEC:G6D E@ <66A 9:D AC@A6CE:6D 2E 2? 277@C523=6 4@DE[ 6DE:>2E:?8 E92E C6?E :D 2AAC@I:>2E6=J `dT 36=@H E96 >2C<6E C2E6]k^Am
kAmQ(6VG6 2=H2JD 925 E96 >@EE@ E@ <66A @FC C6?E2=D 36=@H >2C<6E C2E6] qJ 5@:?8 E92E[ H6 42? <66A =@?8 E6C> E6?2?ED[Q 96 D2:5[ ?@E:?8 E92E D6G6C2= @7 9:D E6?2?ED =@DE H@C< 5FC:?8 E96 A2?56>:4] Qx? D@>6 @7 E96 3:886C 2A2CE>6?E 4@>A=6I6D[ AC@323=J adT @7 E6?2?ED 2C6 :? 2 E@F89 D:EF2E:@?]Qk^Am
kAmqC@@< #@5C:8F6D[ CFC2= r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ C68:@?2= 4@@C5:?2E@C 7@C $64@?5 w@>6[ H9:49 4@??64ED F?9@FD65 J@FE9D H:E9 9@DE 72>:=:6D[ D2:5 E92E E96 ~C68@? s6A2CE>6?E @7 t5F42E:@?VD 52E2 @? E96 ?F>36C @7 9@>6=6DD DEF56?ED 92D =:<6=J 366? F?56CC6A@CE65 5FC:?8 E96 A2?56>:4]k^Am
kAmu@C E96 a_`g\`h D49@@=[ E96C6 H6C6 aga F?244@>A2?:65 9@>6=6DD J@FE9 24C@DD r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ[ :?4=F5:?8 f :? E96 tDE24252 $49@@= s:DEC:4E 2?5 `e :? E96 ~C68@? %C2:= $49@@= s:DEC:4E] sFC:?8 E96 a_`h\a_ D49@@= J62C[ aba DEF56?ED H6C6 C6A@CE65 2D 9@>6=6DD :? r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ]k^Am
kAm#@5C:8F6D E9:?<D :EVD F?=:<6=J E92E E96C6 H6C6 24EF2==J d_ 76H6C 9@>6=6DD DEF56?ED :? E96 4@F?EJ]k^Am
kAmQ~FC @C82?:K2E:@? 2?5 @FC A2CE?6C @C82?:K2E:@?D 2== 766= E92E E96 52E2 7@C a_`h\a_ H2D 962G:=J F?56CC6A@CE65[Q D96 D2:5[ ?@E:?8 E92E DEF56?ED 6IA6C:6?4:?8 9@>6=6DD?6DD H:== @7E6? E6== 2 E62496C E96J ECFDE 2?5 E9:D =:<6=J H2D?VE 92AA6?:?8 2D @7E6? 5FC:?8 5:DE2?46 =62C?:?8]k^Am
k9cmp== 92?5D @? 564<k^9cm
kAmr=24<2>2D r@F?EJVD r@@C5:?2E65 w@FD:?8 p446DD AC@8C2>[ 7C@> H9:49 :E :D 5C2H:?8 E9:D J62CVD 9@>6=6DD 4@F?E 52E2[ 4@??64ED A6@A=6 H:E9 >@C6 E92? a_ 2DD:DE2?46 AC@8C2>D[ :?4=F5:?8 qC:586D E@ w@FD:?8[ E96 r=24<2>2D $@4:2= $6CG:46DV pFC@C2 $96=E6C[ r=24<2>2D (@>6?VD $6CG:46D[ #6?E(6== #2A:5 #69@FD:?8 2?5 E96 r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ '6E6C2?D ':==286]k^Am
kAm$64@?5 w@>6[ H9:49 :D 4@@C5:?2E65 3J t4F>6?:42= |:?:DEC:6D @7 ~C68@?[ 3682? H@C<:?8 :? r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ :? y2?F2CJ a_a_] %96 AC@8C2> 2446AED C676CC2=D 7C@> D49@@= 5:DEC:4ED 2?5 @E96C AC@8C2>D E96JVG6 A2CE?6C65 H:E9[ DF49 2D p?Eu2C>]k^Am
kAm$64@?5 w@>6 92D 4@??64E65 @?6 DEF56?E 7C@> E96 tDE24252 2?5 $2?5J 2C62 H:E9 2 9@DE 72>:=J]k^Am
kAm#@5C:8F6D D2:5 E92E 24C@DD E96 DE2E6[ J@FE9D @7E6? 364@>6 9@>6=6DD H:E9 E96:C 72>:=:6D 7:CDE 2?5 E96? >@G6 E@ 4@F49 DFC7:?8 H:E9 7C:6?5D]k^Am
kAmQ*@F 42?VE 2=H2JD E6== WH96? 2 DEF56?E :D 6IA6C:6?4:?8 9@FD6=6DD?6DDX[Q D96 D2:5] QxE =@@<D =:<6 2 DEF56?E @7E6? D=66A:?8 @G6C 2E 2 7C:6?5VD 9@FD6 @C DE2J:?8 2D =2E6 2D E96J 42? 2E D49@@= 3642FD6 :EVD 2 H2C> A=246 H:E9 :?E6C?6E]Qk^Am
kAm(9:=6 E96 4@F?EJ @776CD G2C:@FD AC@8C2>D E@ 2:5 F?9@FD65 A6@A=6[ D@>6 @7 E96 A6@A=6 >@DE >@E:G2E65 E@ 96=A 2C6 7C@> D>2== ?@?AC@7:E @C82?:K2E:@?D 4=@D6C E@ 9@>6]k^Am
kAmpE tDE24252 r@??64ED[ 4@>>F?:EJ >6>36CD >66E 6G6CJ 76H >@?E9D E@ ?6EH@C< 2?5 D92C6 C6D@FC46D 23@FE :DDF6D 724:?8 E96 4@>>F?:EJ[ :?4=F5:?8 9@FD:?8] p? 255:E:@?2= 8C@FA 42==65 tDE24252 r2C6D H2D 7@C>65 E@ 7@4FD @? E2<:?8 255:E:@?2= 24E:@?D :? E96 4@>>F?:EJ] tG6?EF2==J[ E96 8C@FA 9@A6D E@ 4@>A:=6 2 C6D@FC46 8F:56j 4C62E6 2 4=@E9:?8 4=@D6Ej 3C:?8 >@3:=6 G:D:@?[ 56?E2= 2?5 >65:42= D6CG:46D :?E@ E96 4@>>F?:EJj 2?5 6IA=@C6 E96 762D:3:=:EJ @7 =@42= EC2?D:E:@?2= 9@FD:?8 @AE:@?D]k^Am
kAmp55:E:@?2==J[ E96 =2DE $6AE6>36C tDE24252 r:EJ r@F?4:= 7@C>65 2 4@>>:EE66 @? 9@FD:?8 277@C523:=:EJ 2?5 5:G6CD:EJ] sFC:?8 E96:C u63] g >66E:?8[ E96 4@F?4:= 2AA@:?E65 ?:?6 >6>36CD E@ E96 8C@FA[ H9:49 H:== 36 7@4FD65 @? 56G6=@A:?8 2 DEC2E68J E@ 6?4@FC286 E96 4@?DECF4E:@? @7 >@C6 >F=E:72>:=J 9@FD:?8 @AE:@?D :? E96 4:EJ]k^Am
kAmp 8C@FA :? $2?5J 42==65 $2?5J p4E:G:EJ }:89E W$p}X 92D @776C65 H66<=J 4@>>F?:EJ 5:??6CD 2?5 24E:G:E:6D 7@C 2 76H J62CD] %96 8C@FA[ H9:49 H2D @C:8:?2==J 7@C>65 3J !2EC:4:2 z6?5C:4< 2?5 %2>6C2 $EC2DD?6C E@ 7:== 2 ?665 7@C 4@>>F?:EJ DFAA@CED 7@C A6@A=6 H:E9 56G6=@A>6?E2= 5:D23:=:E:6D[ 92D D:?46 364@>6 2 3C@256C C6D@FC46 7@C E9@D6 :? ?665]k^Am
kAm$p} :D :? E96 AC@46DD @7 364@>:?8 2 d_`WrXWbX ?@?AC@7:E @C82?:K2E:@? D@ :E 42? C646:G6 8C2?E 7F?5D E@ 96=A >66E E96 8C@H:?8 ?665D @7 E96 4@>>F?:EJ] %@ 52E6[ z6?5C:4< D2:5 D96VD 366? 7F?5:?8 2 =@E @7 E96 AC@8C2>D 96CD6=7]k^Am
kAmz6?5C:4< 4FCC6?E=J D:ED @? E96 ?6H=J 7@F?565 $2?5J $@4:2= $6CG:46D %2D<7@C46 7@C>65 3J E96 4:EJ] %9C@F89 E92E E2D<7@C46[ z6?5C:4< 92D 366? :?G@=G65 :? ECJ:?8 E@ 86E 2 D9@H6C 42CE D6E FA :? $2?5J E@ @776C D9@H6CD E@ E9@D6 :? ?665 7C66 @7 492C86 H9:=6 2=D@ 4@??64E:?8 E9@D6 A6@A=6 E@ @E96C C6D@FC46D]k^Am
kAmx? 2 EJA:42= J62C[ z6?5C:4< D2:5 E96 8C@FA D6CG6D 23@FE a_\b_ A6@A=6 2E E96 H66<=J 5:??6C] $:?46 E96 A2?56>:4 3682?[ E9@D6 ?F>36CD 92G6 D9@E FA E@ 2D >2?J 2D h_ A6@A=6]k^Am
kAmQxEVD 8C@H:?8[Q z6?5C:4< D2:5] Q(6 AC65@>:?2?E=J 7665 h_ A6@A=6 2 H66< ?@H] xE FD65 E@ 36 E92E bd A6@A=6 H2D 2 3:8 ?:89E 7@C FD] (6 5@?VE EFC? 2?J@?6 5@H?[ 3FE D@>6E:>6D H6 CF? @FE @7 7@@5] xE ;FDE D9@HD J@F @FC ?665 :D 8C62E6C E92? :E 6G6C H2D]Qk^Am
kAm$p} 92D @776C65 E96 H66<=J >62= 5FC:?8 E96 A2?56>:4 :? 3@E9 E2<6\@FE 2?5 56=:G6CJ 7@C>] s6=:G6CJ :D 2G2:=23=6 7@C E9@D6 H:E9:? 7:G6 >:=6D @7 E96 $2?5J r@>>F?:EJ r9FC49[ bhah_ $46?:4 $E][ H96C6 E96 >62=D 2C6 9@DE65 @FED:56 @7 A2?56>:4 E:>6D]k^Am
kAmz6?5C:4< ?@E65 E92E 367@C6 E96 A2?56>:4[ D96 D2H 76H6C A6@A=6 4@>:?8 7@C >62=D 2E E96 E:>6D H96? $2?5J pC62 |6EC@ H2D 492C8:?8 7@C 72C6]k^Am
kAm(96? :E 4@DED Sa 7@C 2 C@F?5 EC:A E@ 86E E@ E96 >62=[ z6?5C:4< 6IA=2:?65[ >2?J ECF=J :? ?665 76=E E96J 4@F=5?VE 277@C5 :E 2?5 >:89E 2D H6== DA6?5 Sa 7@C 2 >62= 2E |4s@?2=5D]k^Am
kAmQxE H2D ?@ =@?86C 2 7C66 >62=[Q D96 D2:5]k^Am
k9cms6DEC@J:?8 32CC:6CD E@ C6D@FC46Dk^9cm
kAmq642FD6 @7 H:56DAC625 64@?@>:4 92C5D9:A 42FD65 3J E96 A2?56>:4[ E96 $2?5J EC2?D:E 56A2CE>6?E A2FD65 492C8:?8 72C6 7@C 4@>>FE:?8 C@FE6D =2DE J62C] %96 =@42= F?9@FD65 A@AF=2E:@? 92D 366? E2<:?8 25G2?E286 @7 E96 3FD6D 2D 2 >62?D E@ 86E @FE @7 E96 4@=5 :? E96 H:?E6C >@?E9D]k^Am
kAmQxVG6 ?@E ?646DD2C:=J D66? 2? :?4C62D6 :? E96 F?9@FD65 A@AF=2E:@?[ 3FE xVG6 D66? 2? :?4C62D6 :? E96:C FD286 @7 E96 3FD6D[Q %C2?D:E s:C64E@C p?5: w@H6== 6IA=2:?65] Q(6VG6 D66? E96 =@42= 9@>6=6DD 7@=<D C:5:?8 E96 3FD6D E@ 86E @FE @7 E96 H62E96C] xEVD E96 =@42=D E92E 2C6 ECJ:?8 E@ 7:?5 D@>6H96C6 E@ 8@] ~G6C E96 A2?56>:4[ H6VG6 D66? E9@D6 H9@ C62==J 92G6 ?@ A=246 E@ 8@]Qk^Am
kAmw@H6== D2:5 >2<:?8 2?5 <66A:?8 E96 :?\E@H? D9FEE=6 72C6\=6DD 92D 96=A65 E9@D6 @? E96 3C:?< @7 364@>:?8 F?9@FD65 C6E2:? 6>A=@J>6?E]k^Am
kAm~G6C E96 4@FCD6 @7 E96 A2?56>:4[ H:E9 E96 42A24:EJ @7 E96 3FD6D 564C62D65 2?5 >2?J H9@ 42? H@C<:?8 7C@> 9@>6[ w@H6== D2:5 E96 C:56CD9:A 92D 5C@AA65 3J 23@FE cdT] w@H6G6C[ E9@D6 H9@ 2C6 C:5:?8 Q5@?VE C62==J 92G6 2?@E96C @AE:@?]Qk^Am
kAm$96 25565 E92E EC2?D:E :D 2=D@ C6AC6D6?E65 @? E96 ?6H=J 7@C>65 4:EJ D@4:2= D6CG:46D E2D<7@C46[ H9:49 D96 9@A6D H:== 4@??64E E96 56A2CE>6?E H:E9 @E96C 286?4:6D 2?5 C6D@FC46D E@ AC@G:56 >@C6 2:5 E@ E9@D6 :? ?665]k^Am
kAmx? 255:E:@? E@ E96 C646?E D@4:2= D6CG:46D E2D<7@C46[ H9:49 A2CE:2==J 255C6DD6D 9@>6=6DD?6DD :? $2?5J[ E96 4:EJ 4@F?4:= 92D 5:D4FDD65 4C62E:?8 2 DA64:7:4 9@>6=6DD?6DD E2D<7@C46]k^Am
kAm~? pAC:= d[ E96 4@F?4:=[ ;@:?65 3J r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ s:DEC:4E pEE@C?6J 4@>>F?:EJ AC@D64FE@C q:== $E6H2CE 2?5 |288:6 v:=>2? w@=> @7 E96 D@4:2= D6CG:46D E2D<7@C46[ 5:D4FDD65 E96 9@>6=6DD?6DD :DDF6 :? $2?5J]k^Am
kAm|2?J @? E96 4@F?4:= G@:465 4@?46C?D E92E 4C62E:?8 >@C6 C6D@FC46D :? E@H? H96C6 E96 4:EJ :ED6=7 92D =:>:E65 7F?5:?8 >:89E 96:89E6? E96 AC@3=6> 3J 2EEC24E:?8 >@C6 F?9@FD65 7C@> 6=D6H96C6 E@ 4@>6]k^Am
kAmQ%92EVD ?@E 366? @FC 6IA6C:6?46] %96D6 A6@A=6 W?665:?8 E96D6 D6CG:46DX 2C6 2=C625J 96C6[Q $E6H2CE D2:5]k^Am
kAm$E6H2CE 92D 366? E2=<:?8 H:E9 =@42= @C82?:K2E:@?D 2?5 286?4:6D 23@FE 9@DE:?8 2 D9@H6C 42CE :? E@H?[ H9:49 4@F=5 4C62E6 2 4@??64E:@? 7@C F?9@FD65 A6@A=6 =@42==J E@ 2446DD @E96C C6D@FC46D 2E E96 D2>6 E:>6]k^Am
kAm%96 :562 @7 3FD:?8 F?9@FD65 7@=<D E@ 6I:DE:?8 C6D@FC46D :? @E96C 2C62D H2D 2=D@ A@D65 2E E96 >66E:?8]k^Am
kAmp7E6C E96 >66E:?8[ |2J@C $E2? !F==:2> HC@E6 @? 9:D u2463@@< A286[ E92E Q2D =@42= =6256CD H6 A=2? E@ 5@ H92E H6 42? E@ 255C6DD :DDF6D DEC2:89E @?]Qk^Am
kAmQ&?=:<6 A@=:E:4:2?D :? ?6:893@C:?8 !@CE=2?5[ @FC =@42= =6256CD 2C6 4@>>:EE65 E@ ?@E 2446AE:?8 9@>6=6DD 42>AD 2D A6C>2?6?E 7:IEFC6D :? @FC 4@>>F?:EJ[Q D2:5 !F==:2>] QpD 2 C6DF=E[ H6 92G6 5:C64E65 @FC 4:EJ DE277 E@ AC6D6?E FD H:E9 DEC6?8E96?65 @C5:?2?46D 2?5 4@56D 2D H6== 2D 2 4@==23@C2E:G6 2AAC@249 E@ 86?6C2E6 :??@G2E:G6 2?5 4@>A2DD:@?2E6 D@=FE:@?D 7@C @FC ?6:893@CD 2?5 E96 9@>6=6DD 4@>>F?:EJ] xEVD E96 $2?5J H2J]Qk^Am
kAmr@?G6CD2E:@?D 2C@F?5 E9:D E2D<7@C46 2C6 @?=J 368:??:?8 2?5 8C@FAD :?G@=G65 :? E96 5:D4FDD:@? 2C6 C625J 7@C E96 492==6?86]k^Am
kAmQWw@>6=6DD?6DDX :D 2 4@>>F?:EJ AC@3=6>[ 2 DE2E6 AC@3=6> 2?5 2 7656C2= AC@3=6>[Q z6?5C:4< 6IA=2:?65] Q%9:D :D ?@E D@>6E9:?8 H6 42? ;FDE :8?@C6] !6@A=6 H2?E 9@>6=6DD 7@=<D E@ ;FDE 5:D2AA62C] %96 H2J H6 >2<6 E92E 92AA6? :D E@ >2<6 DFC6 H6 2C6?VE DAC625 E9:? @? C6D@FC46D] (6 ?665 E@ 92G6 2 A=246 7@C A6@A=6 E@ 8@ @? >2?J =6G6=D]Qk^Am
kAmp:5 7@C 2?J@?6k^Am
kAmr=24<2>2D r@F?EJ 2?5 G2C:@FD =@42= @C82?:K2E:@?D 92G6 AC@8C2>D E@ 96=A E9@D6 6IA6C:6?4:?8 A@G6CEJ @C 9@>6=6DD?6DD]k^Am
kAmw6C6 2C6 2 76Hik^Am
kAmx7 J@F @C D@>6@?6 J@F <?@H :D 6IA6C:6?4:?8 2 9@FD:?8 4C:D:D @C 9@>6=6DD?6DD[ A=62D6 42== r@@C5:?2E65 w@FD:?8 p446DD WrwpX 2E d_b\edd\gdfd] rwp 92D DF446DD7F==J A=2465 2? 2G6C286 @7 aca A6@A=6 :?E@ 9@FD:?8 6249 J62C 7@C E96 A2DE E9C66 J62CD]k^Am
kAm$2?5J p4E:G:EJ }:89E 9@DED :ED 7C66\@7\492C86 H66<=J 4@>>F?:EJ 5:??6C 7C@> b\d A]>] 6G6CJ %9FCD52J] |62=D 42? 36 A:4<65 FA E@ 8@ 2E E96 $2?5J r@>>F?:EJ r9FC49[ bhah_ $46?:4 $E] %9@D6 :? ?665 @7 56=:G6CJ WH9@ =:G6 H:E9:? E96 7:G6\>:=6 56=:G6CJ C25:FDX 42? 4@?E24E !2EC:4:2 z6?5C:4< 2E k2 9C67lQ>2:=E@iA<6?5C:4<o@C68@?AC@G:56C]4@>QmA<6?5C:4<o@C68@?AC@G:56C]4@>k^2m]k^Am
kAmu@C >@C6 :?7@C>2E:@? 23@FE 364@>:?8 :?G@=G65 H:E9 E96 $64@?5 w@>6 AC@8C2>[ G:D:E ]k^Am
kAm%9:D :D A2CE EH@ @7 2 D6C:6D @? 9@>6=6DD?6DD 2?5 96=A:?8 E96 F?9@FD65 :? r=24<2>2D r@F?EJ[ DA64:7:42==J :? $2?5J 2?5 tDE24252] %@ C625 A2CE @?6[ ]k^Am